Tuam Tshoj Wafer Chaw Tsim Khoom, Cov Neeg Muag Khoom, Lub Hoobkas
Lub semiconductor wafer yog dab tsi?
Ib daim wafer semiconductor yog ib daim nyias nyias, puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor uas ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov integrated circuits (ICs) thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Daim wafer muab ib qho chaw tiaj tus thiab sib npaug uas ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim rau ntawm.
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov wafer muaj ntau kauj ruam, suav nrog kev cog ib lub siv lead ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor uas xav tau, txiav cov siv lead ua cov wafers nyias siv lub pob zeb diamond, thiab tom qab ntawd txhuam thiab ntxuav cov wafers kom tshem tawm cov qhov tsis zoo lossis cov khoom tsis huv. Cov wafers uas tshwm sim muaj qhov chaw tiaj tus thiab du, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tom ntej.
Thaum cov wafers tau npaj tiav lawm, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem tsim khoom semiconductor, xws li photolithography, etching, deposition, thiab doping, los tsim cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas xav tau los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua ntau zaus ntawm ib qho wafer los tsim ntau lub voj voog sib xyaw lossis lwm yam khoom siv.
Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov chips ib leeg raug cais los ntawm kev txiav cov wafer raws cov kab uas tau teev tseg ua ntej. Cov chips sib cais tom qab ntawd raug ntim kom tiv thaiv lawv thiab muab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob rau kev koom ua ke rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm wafer
Cov semiconductor wafers feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ib leeg-crystal silicon vim nws muaj ntau yam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom semiconductor txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm cov ntawv thov thiab cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, lwm cov ntaub ntawv kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua wafers. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
Silicon carbide (SiC) yog ib yam khoom siv semiconductor uas muaj bandgap dav thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo dua piv rau cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Nws pab txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv sib cais, modules, thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov kab ke, thaum txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm SiC:
- -Qhov Bandgap Dav:SiC qhov bandgap yog li peb npaug ntawm silicon, uas tso cai rau nws ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab dua, txog li 400 ° C.
- -Qhov Chaw Ua Haujlwm Kub Hnyav:SiC tuaj yeem tiv taus txog li kaum npaug ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm silicon, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab.
- -Kev Ua Haujlwm Thermal Siab:SiC ua kom cov cua sov ploj mus tau zoo, pab cov khoom siv tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua kom lawv lub neej ntev dua.
- -Kev Ceev ntawm Electron Drift Siab:Nrog ob npaug ntawm qhov ceev ntawm silicon, SiC ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau zaus, pab txhawb rau kev ua kom lub cuab yeej me me.
Cov ntawv thov:
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-Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob:Cov khoom siv fais fab SiC zoo heev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj hluav taws xob siab, tam sim no siab, kub siab, thiab zaus siab, ua rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo dua. Lawv siv dav hauv cov tsheb fais fab, chaw them hluav taws xob, cov tshuab photovoltaic, kev thauj mus los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau, thiab cov phiaj xwm ntse.
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-Kev Sib Txuas Lus Microwave:Cov khoom siv GaN RF uas siv SiC yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus wireless, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau 5G chaw nres tsheb. Cov khoom siv no muab SiC cov thermal conductivity zoo heev nrog GaN cov zis RF siab, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tes hauj lwm telecom siab zaus tom ntej.
Gallium nitride (GaN)yog ib yam khoom siv semiconductor dav dav tiam peb nrog bandgap loj, thermal conductivity siab, electron saturation drift velocity siab, thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo heev. Cov khoom siv GaN muaj kev cia siab dav hauv cov chaw muaj zaus siab, ceev ceev, thiab muaj zog xws li LED teeb pom kev zoo txuag hluav taws xob, laser projection displays, tsheb fais fab, smart grids, thiab 5G kev sib txuas lus.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)yog ib yam khoom siv semiconductor uas paub txog nws qhov zaus siab, kev txav mus los ntawm hluav taws xob siab, lub zog tso zis siab, suab qis, thiab kab ncaj zoo. Nws yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam optoelectronics thiab microelectronics. Hauv optoelectronics, GaAs substrates yog siv los tsim LED (lub teeb-emitting diodes), LD (laser diodes), thiab cov khoom siv photovoltaic. Hauv microelectronics, lawv siv rau hauv kev tsim cov MESFETs (hlau-semiconductor field-effect transistors), HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors), HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), ICs (integrated circuits), microwave diodes, thiab Hall effect devices.
Indium phosphide (InP)yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm III-V compound semiconductors, paub txog nws cov electron mobility siab, tiv taus hluav taws xob zoo heev, thiab dav bandgap. Nws yog siv dav hauv optoelectronics thiab microelectronics industries.
Thov kom tau ib daim ntawv qhia nqe rau Wafer
Xa koj cov khoom siv wafer, txoj kab uas hla, tuab, hom conductivity, resistivity, crystal orientation, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntau npaum li cas rau peb. Semicera yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov kev teeb tsa uas tau thov thiab muab kev xaiv khoom thiab kev txhawb nqa kev hais nqe raws li cov lus qhia muaj.
